PRINCIPLESOFNEURALSCIENCEColumnsII(left)andIV(right)oftheEdwinSmithSurgicalPapyrusThispapyrus,transcribedintheSeventeenthCenturyB.C.,isamedicaltreatisethatcontainstheearliestreferencetothebrainanywhereinhumanrecords.AccordingtoJamesBreasted,whotranslatedandpublishedthedocumentin1930,thewordbrainoccursonly8timesinancientEgyptian,6ofthemonthesepages.Thepapyrusdescribesherethesymptoms,diagnosis,an...